Comparison 7 Thirty‐day intermediate low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 3 Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis end‐of‐treatment. A more intense superficial thrombophlebitis with erythema, warmth, and pain can extend to veins neighboring the injection site. Comparison 18 Heparin calcium plus elastic compression bandage (ECB) versus ECB alone, Outcome…, Comparison 19 Heparin subcutaneous (sc) versus defibrotide, Outcome 1 Decrease in the analogue…. Comparison 26 Ligation plus elastic compression stockings (ECS) versus ECS alone, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism. Major bleeding was infrequent in both groups. The affected vein might be near the surface of your skin (superficial thrombophlebitis) or deep within a muscle (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT). Comparison 9 Fixed‐dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus weight‐adjusted LMWH, Outcome 4 Swelling disappearance. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub6, Copyright © 2021 The Cochrane Collaboration. For this update, the Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register (March 2017), CENTRAL (2017, Issue 2), and trials registries (March 2017). Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. STP is inflammation of a vein just under your skin (superficial vein). However, sometimes patient may need medicines to relieve pain. Treatment options are variable and controversial. Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study. … Laser and light therapy of lower extremity telangiectasias, reticular veins, and small varicose veins View in Chinese In one study in people with ST at high risk of recurrent thromboembolic events, fondaparinux was associated with a non-significant reduction of symptomatic VTE compared to rivaroxaban. Search methods: Br J Community Nurs. Superficial thrombophlebitis may recur if you have varicose veins. In one RCT on 472 high-risk participants with ST, fondaparinux was associated with a non-significant reduction of symptomatic VTE compared to rivaroxaban 10 mg (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.03 to 3.18; low-quality evidence). The treatment of phlebitis (or superficial venous thrombophlebitis) is split into two sections, the immediate and the longer term treatment/prevention. Comparison 11 Fixed‐dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 3 Major bleeding. J Am Coll Surg . Objectives: Superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) is a relatively common inflammatory process associated with a blood clot (thrombus) that affects the superficial veins (veins that are close to the surface of the body). Comparison 8 Six‐week prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus six‐week intermediate LMWH, Outcome 2 Symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Comparison 13 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 4 Major bleeding. Comparison 29 Elastic compression bandage…, Comparison 29 Elastic compression bandage (ECB) plus venoruton versus ECB alone, Outcome 1…, Comparison 30 Oral heparansulphate versus…. For this update, the Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register (March 2017), CENTRAL (2017, Issue 2), and trials registries (March 2017). Privacy, Help Superficial thrombophlebitis is a manifestation of thrombosis that involves the superficial venous system of the lower limb. Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 9 Major bleeding. This condition may occur after recently using an IV line, or after trauma to the vein. Comparison 31 Oxyphenbutazone versus placebo, Outcome 1 Tenderness improvement. Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 11 Adverse events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Comparison 8 Six‐week prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus six‐week intermediate LMWH, Outcome 3 Superficial thrombophlebitis progression into deep vein thrombosis. Comparison 36 Desmin subcutaneous (sc) 2 × 100 versus desmin 100, Outcome 2 Adverse drug reactions. In one RCT on 472 high-risk participants with ST, fondaparinux was associated with a non-significant reduction of symptomatic VTE compared to rivaroxaban 10 mg (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.03 to 3.18; low-quality evidence). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005134.pub3. Comparison 13 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 3 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 1 Fondaparinux versus placebo, Outcome 3 Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. No treatment is necessary. Two authors assessed the trials for inclusion in the review, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the studies. Comparison 24 Thrombectomy plus venoruton plus elastic compression bandage (ECB) versus ECB alone, Outcome 1 Deep vein thrombosis. Thrombosis of superficial veins has long been regarded as a benign disorder. Superficial thrombophlebitis is a common inflammatory-thrombotic disorder in which a thrombus develops in a vein located near the surface of the skin. The optimal treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) of the legs remains poorly defined. Comparison 6 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 3 Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis end‐of‐treatment. Usually superficial thrombophlebitis in the arm lasts for two to three weeks. Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 8 Mortality. Comparison 12 Weight‐adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 3 Major bleeding. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Comparison 6 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 4 Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 3‐month follow‐up. Comparison 9 Fixed‐dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus weight‐adjusted LMWH, Outcome 1 Superficial thrombophlebitis or venous thromboembolism. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. There were no major bleeding events in either group (low-quality evidence). Only a minority of trials compared treatment with placebo rather than an alternative treatment and many studies were small and of poor quality. STP most often happens in your leg but may also happen in your arm. Superficial thrombophlebitis is not a dangerous condition: The clots in superficial thrombophlebitis do not break off and go to the lungs (clots that form deep in the body can break off, travel to the lungs, and cause a serious condition called pulmonary embolus). Pooling of the data was possible for few outcomes, and none were part of a placebo-controlled trial. Further research is needed to assess the role of rivaroxaban and other direct oral factor-X or thrombin inhibitors, LMWH, and NSAIDs; the optimal doses and duration of treatment in people at various risk of recurrence; and whether a combination therapy may be more effective than single treatment. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub5. Comparison 2 Fondaparinux versus rivaroxaban, Outcome 10 Serious adverse events. Marchiori A, Verlato F, Sabbion P, et al. If they are associated with varicose veins, they are likely to return (recur). Comparison 5 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 30‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism end‐of‐treatment. Comparison 9 Fixed‐dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus weight‐adjusted LMWH, Outcome 12 Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Varicose veins are prone to minor injuries which can lead to inflammation. 2020 Dec 18;9(12):4091. doi: 10.3390/jcm9124091. Comparison 13 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 2 Venous thromboembolism 3‐month follow‐up. The inflammation causes a blood clot to form in your vein. Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for…, Comparison 1 Fondaparinux versus placebo,…. Comparison 5 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 30‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 4 Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 3‐month follow‐up. Comparison 17 High‐dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) versus low‐dose UFH, Outcome 2 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 28 Oral vasotonin versus placebo, Outcome 1 Cured or substantially better. Comparison 16 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus heparin spray gel, Outcome 2 Participants with thrombus at 21 days. Comparison 3 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 2 Venous thromboembolism 3‐month follow‐up. Comparison 25 Thrombectomy plus elastic compression bandage (ECB) versus ECB alone, Outcome 1 Deep vein thrombosis. Comparison 2 Fondaparinux versus rivaroxaban, Outcome 3 Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. There were no major bleeding events in either group (low-quality evidence). High vs. low doses of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: a double-blind, randomized trial. Phlebitis means "inflammation of a vein". Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the superficial veins associated with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 7 Palpable cord reduction. The optimal treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) of the legs remains poorly defined. Comparison 4 Therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 2 Venous thromboembolism 3‐month follow‐up. Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 2 Deep vein thrombosis. Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a vein just below the surface of the skin, which results from a blood clot. Comparison 10 Therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus saphenofemoral disconnection, Outcome 2 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. This causes a blood clot to form in the vein. Thrombophlebitis (throm-boe-fluh-BY-tis) is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Data were independently extracted from the included studies and any disagreements resolved by consensus. Heparin versus normal saline locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults, Heparin-bonded catheters for prolonging the patency of central venous catheters in children. Both low molecular weight heparin and NSAIDs reduced the occurrence of extension or recurrence of ST with no effect on symptomatic VTE or major bleeding. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub3. Prophylactic dose fondaparinux given for 45 days appears to be a valid therapeutic option for ST of the legs for most people. 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD004982. Comparison 1 Fondaparinux versus placebo, Outcome 6 Mortality. In one large, placebo-controlled RCT of 3002 participants, subcutaneous fondaparinux was associated with a significant reduction in symptomatic VTE (risk ratio (RR) 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.50; moderate-quality evidence), ST extension (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.22; moderate-quality evidence), and ST recurrence (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.54; moderate-quality evidence) relative to placebo. Comparison 13 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism end‐of‐treatment. Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Comparison 3 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 3 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. There is some evidence to suggest a link between ST and venous thromboembolism (VTE; a condition where blood clots form (most often) in the deep veins of the leg and can travel in the circulation and lodge in the lungs). Comparison 8 Six‐week prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus six‐week intermediate LMWH, Outcome 4 Major bleeding. In conclusion, fondaparinux appears to be an adequate treatment for most people with ST. 2020 Jun 30;36(2):105-111. doi: 10.5758/vsi.200021. Comparison 17 High‐dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) versus low‐dose UFH, Outcome 4 Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Causes include trauma, surgery or prolonged inactivity.DVT increases your risk of serious health problems. Accessibility Comparison 20 Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus placebo, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism. This update included 33 randomised controlled trials (clinical trials where people are randomly put into one of two or more treatment groups) involving 7296 participants. Comparison 34 Enzyme therapy versus placebo, Outcome 2 Responders. Comparison 37 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) plus elastic compression stockings (ECS) versus prophylactic LMWH, Outcome 4 SF‐36 mental score at 3 weeks. Comparison 21 Indomethacin versus placebo,…. Dr Middeldorp's institution had also received funding from several pharmaceutical companies, including GSK, BMS, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, and Pfizer to support some of her other educational and research activities. The number is likely higher because it is highly unrecognized and undertreated – which can be scary – when we know the likelihood of SVT progressing into at DVT can be 6-40 percent of the time or symptomatic pulmonary emboli in 2-13 percent of patients. This is the third update of a review first published in 2007. In one large, placebo-controlled RCT of 3002 participants, subcutaneous fondaparinux was associated with a significant reduction in symptomatic VTE (risk ratio (RR) 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.50; moderate-quality evidence), ST extension (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.22; moderate-quality evidence), and ST recurrence (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.54; moderate-quality evidence) relative to placebo. Comparison 31 Oxyphenbutazone versus placebo,…. Comparison 20 Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs…. A condition that affects your blood vessels, such as varicose veins This is the third update of a review first published in 2007. Some symptoms can include pain and tenderness … Comparison 5 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 30‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 3 Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis end‐of‐treatment. ETM/442/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom. Main results: Topical treatments relieved local symptoms but the trials did not report on progression to VTE. Do blood thinners prevent blood clots in children who are treated using central lines? Comparison 30 Oral heparansulphate versus oral sulodexide, Outcome 4 Oedema improvement. Comparison 2 Fondaparinux versus rivaroxaban, Outcome 8 Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding. It is frequently underreported and is considered an insignificant entity. Comparison 4 Therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism end‐of‐treatment. Careers. Comparison 7 Thirty‐day intermediate low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 4 Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis 3‐month follow‐up. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Comparison 22 Nimesulide versus diclofenac sodium, Outcome 1 Gastric pain. Comparison 1 Fondaparinux versus placebo, Outcome 5 Recurrence of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 3 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 4 Major bleeding. 2007 Apr 18;(2):CD004982. The evidence about the treatment of acute infusion superficial thrombophlebitis is limited and of low quality. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Further research is needed to assess the role of rivaroxaban and other direct oral factor-X or thrombin inhibitors, LMWH, and NSAIDs; the optimal doses and duration of treatment in people at various risk of recurrence; and whether a combination therapy may be more effective than single treatment. Comparison 19 Heparin subcutaneous (sc) versus defibrotide, Outcome 1 Decrease in the analogue score. Comparison 21 Indomethacin versus placebo, Outcome 1 Adverse effects. Outpatient Treatment of DVT and Low Risk PE NEW GUIDELINES for Management of Superficial Vein Thrombosis In May 2015, new UWMedicine Guidelines for Management of Superficial … Comparison 10 Therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus saphenofemoral disconnection, Outcome 4 Complications. Comparison 9 Fixed‐dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus weight‐adjusted LMWH, Outcome 6 Pain disappearance. What is superficial thrombophlebitis (STP)? But, superficial thrombophlebitis can be painful and treatment … Comparison 28 Oral vasotonin versus placebo, Outcome 2 Poor tolerability. It's usually treated with Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a superficial vein due to a blood clot and is found just under the skin. Management of Superficial Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Varicose Veins: A Survey among Members of National Surgical Society from Republic of Moldova. Comparison 35 Desmin intramuscular (im) 200 versus desmin 100, Outcome 1 Adverse events. Comparison 1 Fondaparinux versus placebo, Outcome 9 Minor bleeding. Would you like email updates of new search results? Comparison 12 Weight‐adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 4 Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. While improving or relieving the local painful symptoms, treatment should aim at preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which might complicate the natural history of ST. Surgical treatment and wearing elastic stockings were associated with a lower rate of VTE and progression of the ST compared with elastic stockings alone. However, the majority of studies that compared different oral treatments, topical treatments, or surgery did not report VTE, ST progression, adverse events, or treatment adverse effects. Comparison 11 Fixed‐dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 4 Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Sullivan V, et al. In another placebo-controlled trial, both prophylactic and therapeutic doses of LMWH (prophylactic: RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.74; therapeutic: RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.77) and NSAIDs (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.78) reduced the extension (low-quality evidence) and recurrence of ST (low-quality evidence) in comparison to placebo, with no significant effects on symptomatic VTE (low-quality evidence) or major bleeding (low-quality evidence). Most bouts of superficial thrombophlebitis last for 3-4 weeks. Comparison 37 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) plus elastic compression stockings (ECS) versus prophylactic LMWH, Outcome 2 Skin erythema (cm. Comparison 3 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism end‐of‐treatment. The optimal dose and duration of treatment need to be established in people at high risk as well as people at low risk for recurrent thrombotic events. 2019 Jun 2;24(6):263-264. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.6.263. Comparison 6 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 5 Extension of superficial thrombophlebitis 3‐month follow‐up. Comparison 12 Weight‐adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 2 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 6 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism end‐of‐treatment. Comparison 30 Oral heparansulphate versus oral sulodexide, Outcome 2 Pain disappearance. Comparison 2 Fondaparinux versus rivaroxaban, Outcome 6 Mortality. Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 3 Extension of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 26 Ligation plus elastic compression stockings (ECS) versus ECS alone, Outcome 2 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 13 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Outcome 5 Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Comparison 14 Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus LMWH plus acemetacin, Outcome 10 Minor bleeding. Comparison 17 High‐dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) versus low‐dose UFH, Outcome 1 Incidence of venous thromboembolism. Comparison 33 Stripping plus elastic compression stockings (ECS) versus ECS alone, Outcome 2 Extension or recurrence (or both) of superficial thrombophlebitis. Comparison 10 Therapeutic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus saphenofemoral disconnection, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism. Dong K, Song Y, Li X, Ding J, Gao Z, Lu D, Zhu Y. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Comparison 30 Oral heparansulphate versus oral sulodexide, Outcome 3 Disappearance of itching. 8600 Rockville Pike Comparison 1 Fondaparinux versus placebo, Outcome 4 Extension of superficial thrombophlebitis. Superficial venous thrombophlebitis affects more than 125,000 people in the United States. Comparison 18 Heparin calcium plus elastic compression bandage (ECB) versus ECB alone, Outcome 1 Deep vein thrombosis. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub4. Data were independently extracted from the included studies and any disagreements resolved by consensus. High versus low doses of unfractionated heparin for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. For Treatment included fondaparinux; rivaroxaban; low molecular weight heparin (LMWH); unfractionated heparin (UFH); non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); compression stockings; and topical, intramuscular, or intravenous treatment to surgical interventions such as thrombectomy or ligation. No. Comparison 3 Prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus placebo, Outcome 5 Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Overall, topical treatments improved local symptoms compared with placebo, but no data were provided on the effects on VTE and ST extension. Comparison 6 Thirty‐day prophylactic low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) versus 10‐day intermediate LMWH, Outcome 2 Venous thromboembolism 3‐month follow‐up. Comparison 27 Prophylactic unfractionated heparin (UFH) plus elastic compression stockings (ECS) versus ECS alone, Outcome 1 Venous thromboembolism. Medicine and Phlebolymphology: Time to Change? Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. 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