CATHERINE, Queen-Mother of France. ‘The Massacre at Paris’ is Marlowe’s play to which the least attention – both in terms of performance and criticism – has been paid. The royal family and the Guise faction leaders begin to plot a massacre while Charles, the King of France, visits the wounded admiral. 425-6. The Lord Strange's Men acted a play titled The Tragedy of the Guise, thought to be Marlowe's play, on Jan. 26, 1593. [Scene i] Enter Charles the French King, [Catherine] the Queene Mother, the King of Navarre, the Prince of Condye, the Lord high Admirall, and [Margaret] the Queene of Navarre, with others. Algerians detained during police raids in the Paris region could be brought there for identity verifications but could also be put under house arrest by the prefect. The little information given by news outlets is nothing compared to the truth (…) We won't sign this text and sincerely regret it. [30], Following the massacre that occurred in 1961, the police archives were sealed to anyone looking to investigate until the 1990's when they were eventually reopened. The Massacre at Paris is an Elizabethan play by the English dramatist Christopher Marlowe (1593) and a Restoration drama by Nathaniel Lee (1689), the latter chiefly remembered for a song by Henry Purcell. The French Royal Family: CHARLES IX, King of France. On 18 February 2007 (the day after Papon's death) calls were made for a Paris Métro station under construction in Gennevilliers to be named "17 Octobre 1961" in commemoration of the massacre.[5][6]. Mort aux fellaghas!" [2], The only surviving text is an undated octavo edition, that at 1,250 or so lines seems too short to represent the complete original play and which has been conjectured to be a memorial reconstruction by the actors who performed the work.[3]. Written by Christopher Marlowe. The two Kings of France and Navarre join forces against the Catholic League in Paris. In the Palais des Sports, then in the "Palais des Expositions of Porte de Versailles", detained Algerians, many by now already injured, [became] systematic victims of a 'welcoming committee'. Death to the (Algerian) rebels!). Paris 1961: a hidden massacre", "17 OCTOBRE 1961 Olivier La Cour-Grandmaison: le silence n'est plus de mise", "Le 17 octobre 1961, 'ce jour qui n'ébranla pas Paris, "France's Hollande acknowledges 1961 massacre of Algerians", "The politics of apology: Hollande and Algeria", "DOROTHÉE MUNYANEZA, UNE DANSEUSE DE HAUT VOLT", "World Reactions to the 1961 Paris Pogrom", Time to move on : a reply to Jean-Paul Brunet, Le fantasme du secret d'État autour du 17 octobre 1961, The Washington Report on the Middle East: The 1961 Massacre of Algerians in Paris: When the media failed the test, Flame: 35 Years ago the "Battle of Paris": When the Seine was full of bodies, Flame: Papon and the killing of 200 Algerians in Paris during 1961, "1961 – Algerians massacred on Paris streets", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris_massacre_of_1961&oldid=1019149056, People shot dead by law enforcement officers in France, Articles needing additional references from October 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from March 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. This acknowledgement came two months before his address to Algerian Parliament. Papon subsequently filed a lawsuit in February 1999, a courtsuit against him, because of this sentence, alleging defamation of a public servant. In addition, the Mandelken report ignored the massacre that had taken place in the courtyard of the Police prefecture, and Papon's name itself appeared nowhere in the report. "Prohibited zones, detention centers (camps de regroupements), torture, executions without trial: this is the reality of the war he [Papon] was supervising out there." The Massacre at Paris by Christopher Marlowe is a historical drama written in the context of the great sociopolitical and religious disturbance that took place between the Catholics and the French Protestants or Huguenots during the 16 th century in Europe. See a transcript of the original text on, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Le 17 octobre 1961, la réalité d'un massacre face à un mensonge d'Etat", "Une station de métro " 17 Octobre 1961 " ? The authors remained anonymous until the late 1990s although Maurice Papon tried to discover them. The admiral does not die but is instead gravely injured. The Massacre at Paris - 1993 - Sally Dexter; Timothy Walker; Jeremy Blake; Ben Thomashttp://music.marlowe.at/massacre-at-paris-1993 A report that Papon had prepared for Interior Minister Roger Frey, the prime minister, and the head of government, Charles de Gaulle, was not included in the consulted records. Guise's plot is executed quickly, with the Queen of Navarre receiving poisoned gloves and her admiral being shot by a sniper as he helps carry the Queen of Navarre's body. [12], The Auxiliary Police Force (FPA—Force de police auxiliaire) was created in 1959. The investigation found a lack of coordination among European intelligence agencies, which failed to prevent coordinated attacks that left 130 dead at six locations in and near Paris. Both concern the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, which took place in Paris in 1572, and the part played by the Duc de Guise in those events. The French government commission in 1998 claimed only 48 people died. It stated that Einaudi had "defamed" Papon, but that Einaudi had acted on "good faith", and praised the "seriousness and quality" of Einaudi's research. In his address to the Algerian Parliament, he further renounced and acknowledged the colonial past of France including the massacre that took place on the 17 October 1961. [1] A possible revision may have something to do with the surprising number of Shakespearean borrowings and paraphrases in the text. Massacre at Paris, by Christopher Marlowe. With the Death of the Duke of Guise. On the other hand, historian Olivier LeCour Grandmaison, president of the 17 October 1961 Association, declared to L'Humanité that, if a step forward had been taken with the decision of the city of Paris to put a commemorative plaque on the Pont Saint-Michel, [he] deplored that the text which was chosen for it invokes neither the idea of a crime against humanity nor the responsibility of the author of the crime, the state. More than 5,000 Algerians were detained in the former Beaujon hospital, in the Japy gymnasium (11th Arrondissement) and in the Vél'd'Hiv. Marlowe, Christopher, 1564-1593.; The massacre at Paris (fragment) [manuscript], ca. On 5 October 1961, the Prefecture of Police announced in a press statement the introduction of a curfew from 8.30 p.m. to 5.30 a.m. in Paris and its suburbs for "Algerian Muslim workers", "French Muslims" and "French Muslims of Algeria" (all three terms used by Papon, although the approximately 150,000 Algerians living at the time in Paris were officially considered French and possessed a French identity card). Professional or academic historians have lagged well behind amateurs in the attempt to discover what occurred on 17 October; investigative journalists, militants, and fiction writers like Smith, or the much more widely read detective novelist, Didier Daeninckx, kept a trace of the event alive during the thirty years when it had entered a "black hole" of memory. Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9781513277042, 1513277049. [15] There were daily raids against Algerians—and frequently any Maghrebi people (Moroccans or Tunisians), and even Spanish or Italian immigrants, who were taken for Algerians. According to Le Monde in 1997, which quoted the director of the Paris Archives, the register listed 90 persons by the second half of October. The crimes committed by the harkis, by the Brigades spéciales des districts, by the Brigades des aggressions et violences are no secret any more. Thus, in no case does this Parisian initiative exempt the highest national authorities from taking responsibility. Led by Captain Raymond Montaner and based at the Fort de Noisy, Romainville, it was composed entirely of Algerian Muslims recruited in Algeria or France. On 26 October 1961, Georges Montaron, editor of Témoignage Chrétien, Claude Bourdet, editor of France Observateur, Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie, editor of Libération, Avril, editor of Télérama, parish priest Lochard, Jean-Marie Domenach, editor of Esprit magazine, Jean Schaeffert and André Souquière organized in the Maison de la Mutualité a meeting to "protest against police violence and the repression of the 17 October 1961 demonstration in Paris". Writing Rewriting Editing. For other incidents, including the Charlie Hebdo attack and the November 2015 attacks, see, Papon appointed head of Police Prefecture (March 1958), Creation of the CIV and the FPA militia (1959–1960). The Diary also indicates that Henslowe planned a revival of the play in 1602, possibly in a revised version. Mr Papon, the police prefect, and Mr. Legay, general director of the city police, were present during those dreadful scenes (…) These indisputable facts are only a small part of what happened these last days and what continues to happen. [38], "Paris massacre" redirects here. Choose writer quality. On 1 January 1962, Papon declared to the police forces under his orders: On 17 October you won … victory against Algerian terrorism … Your moral interests have been successfully defended, since the aim of the police prefecture's opponents to put in place an investigation committee have been defeated.[25]. In February 1999, its main author, Emile Portzer, former member of the National Front resistance organization during the war, testified in favor of historian Jean-Luc Einaudi during the trial that Papon had launched against him (later won by Einaudi). Christopher Marlowe's play, The Massacre at Paris, was written in 1593 about the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, when three thousand Protestants were killed in one night in 1572, in a ruthless act of state terrorism by the Catholic government. Papon retaliated with massive raids on Algerian people in Paris and its suburbs. Protestant England viewed the The result of the massacre may be estimated to at least 200 dead.[18]. the slaughter of French Protestants (or Huguenots) in Paris in August 1572, the so-called Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre, to which its title refers.3 The 1572 massacre was the most infamous incident of the French Wars of Religion and had international resonance. Reaching the Rex cinema (the site of the present Le Rex Club on the "Grands Boulevards"), the police opened fire on the crowd and charged, leading to several deaths. Centrist and right-wing politicians, as well as the police union, objected to the plaque on various grounds (increased threat of civil unrest, alleged tolerance of terrorism, and encouragement of disrespect for the police). Into the Seine (river)! Experienced Verified Writers Premium Premium quality (Add 10% to price). The attacks in Paris on the night of Friday 13 November by gunmen and suicide bombers hit a concert hall, a major stadium, restaurants and bars, almost simultaneously - … All the Algerians captured in this huge trap were knocked out and systematically thrown in the Seine. The Massacre at Paris is a tantalisingly incomplete work by Christopher Marlowe. Since sodomy was a crime often associated The FPA was also active in the suburbs, from the summer of 1961, in particular in Nanterre's bidonvilles. "These bombings had the effect of spreading fear throughout the ranks of the Paris police, but also for increasing the desire for revenge and hate against the whole of the community. 11,000 persons were arrested, and transported by RATP bus to the Parc des Expositions and other internment centers used under Vichy. Based on other sources, Thibaud pointed out (as did Brunet) that administrative dissimulation about the dead had taken place, and that the IML could not be relied upon as sole source. The Diary of Philip Henslowe marks the play as "ne," though scholars disagree as to whether this indicates a "new" play or a performance at the Newington Butts theatre. Patrice J Proulx / Susan Ireland (Hrsg. ", "The French army and torture during the Algerian war", "17 octobre 1961 : la longue liste de morts des archives de Paris", "Le 17 octobre 1961 : un moment de notre histoire", "Charonne, passé au scalpel de l'historien (interview with historian Alain Dewerpe, member of the Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales)", "The Washington Report on the Middle East: The 1961 Massacre of Algerians in Paris: When the media failed the test", "Remembering the Battle of Paris: 17 October 1961 in French and Algerian Memory", "From the Archive. THE DUKE OF ANJOU, his brother, afterwards King Henry III. But before the two can combine their forces, Henry III convinces Guise to attend the royal court at Blois. The Admiral's Men performed The Guise or The Massacre ten times between 19 June and 25 September 1594. ): Paul Thibaud, "17 Octobre 1961: un moment de notre histoire," in, This page was last edited on 21 April 2021, at 19:48. Choose Type of service. AT LONDON Printed by E. A. for Edward White, dwelling near the little North door of St. Paul’s Church at the sign of the Gun. Although criticizing Einaudi on some points, Thibaud also underlined that Brunet had consulted only police archives and took the registers of the IML medico-legal institute at face value. After Charles de Gaulle's equivocal return to power during the May 1958 crisis and his sudden change of policy on Algerian independence, the OAS used all possible means to oppose the National Liberation Front (FLN), which took the war to the metropolis, where it was helped by activists such as the Jeanson network. The police forces thus blocked all access to the capital, metro stations, train stations, Paris' Portes, etc. They have not even had the good sense to choose a site which would not remind French patriots who are currently celebrating the anniversary of the Liberation of Paris of what took place there. In contrast, some of the policemen who had been part of the French Resistance had their career advancement blocked because of Cold War anti-communism, since the Resistance was partially communist and communist ministers had been expelled from the government in May 1947. [11], According to Einaudi, "Already at this time, policemen [were] boasting about throwing Algerians in the Seine" river. Historian Jean-Luc Einaudi (La Bataille de Paris, Paris: Seuil, 1991) asserted that as many as 200 Algerians had been killed. [22], In a 2001 article in Esprit, Paul Thibaud discussed the controversy between Jean-Luc Einaudi, who spoke of 200 killed on 17 October, and 325 killed by the police during the autumn of 1961, and Jean-Paul Brunet, who gave an estimate of only 50 (and 160 dead, possible homicide victims, who passed through the IML medico-legal institute during the four months between September and December 1961). THE MASSACRE AT PARIS. The premiere took place in 1689. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9781513272047, 1513272047. Dumaine learns of his brothers murders, and a Jacobin friar offers to assassinate Henry III. He found a list of 70 persons killed, while the texts confirmed Einaudi's comments that the magistrates who had been called on by the victims' families to consider these incidents had systematically acquitted the policemen. During the night, a massacre took place in the courtyard of the police headquarters, killing tens of victims. The historian Jean-Paul Brunet found satisfactory evidence for the murder of 31 Algerians, while suggesting that a number of up to 50 actual victims was credible. On one end of the Neuilly bridge, groups of policemen on one side, CRS on the other, moved slowly towards each other. The funerals on 13 February 1962 of the nine persons killed (among them, Fanny Dewerpe, mother of French historian Alain Dewerpe [fr]) were attended by hundreds of thousands of people. the massacre at paris. RHUL Shakespeare Society is proud to present their audio drama of Christopher Marlowe's The Massacre at Paris!This production deals with themes of conflict, ... RHUL Shakespeare Society Presents: The Massacre at Paris added an event . The events surrounding the massacre and its death toll were largely unknown for decades. [11] Vincennes's "identification center" (CIV—Centre d'identification de Vincennes) was then created under the authority of the prefecture of police in January 1959. This was following the publication of "La Bataille de Paris" by Jean-Luc Einaudi [31] in which he approximated that the death toll was closer to 200. On the same day, visiting Montrouge's police station, the prefect of police declared to the police officers present: 'You also must be subversive in the war that sets you against others. The 2005 French television drama-documentary, The massacre is described in the opening verse of Irish punk rock band. At least 128 people were killed in shootings, a hostage situation and explosions in Paris and a nearby city late Friday, according to French officials. characters make The Massacre at Paris a play that would have enjoyed much success with an Elizabethan audience well-versed in the political turmoil of the time. (Dirty Jews! The French Federation of the FLN thus called upon the whole of the Algerian population in Paris, men, women and children, to demonstrate against the curfew, widely regarded as a racist administrative measure, on 17 October 1961. The punishment must be extended to all responsible people, those who give orders, those who pretend to just let it happen, whatever their high office may be (…)Among the thousands of Algerians brought to the Parc des Expositions of the Porte de Versailles, tens were killed by blows from rifle butts and pickaxe handles (…) Others had their fingers chopped off by members of law enforcement, policemen and gendarmes, who cynically had renamed themselves "welcoming committee". [4], Nathaniel Lee's play The Massacre at Paris was written during the 1680s when the author was in and out of Bedlam. 1, p. 323; Vol. The Massacre at Paris is a play by Christopher Marlowe. The massacre was intentional, as substantiated by historian Jean-Luc Einaudi, who won a trial against Papon in 1999 (Papon had been convicted in 1998 of crimes against humanity for his role under the Vichy collaborationist regime during World War II). Two years earlier, in Constantine, Algeria, he had assumed the role of "Inspecteur général pour l'administration en mission extraordinaire" (IGAME – General Inspector for the Administration on Extraordinary Mission). It first operated in the 13th Arrondissement, where it requisitioned café-hotels. Both concern the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, which took place in Paris in 1572, and the part played by the Duc de Guise in those events. According to Einaudi, in the following years he applied these methods in Paris and the Seine department.[10]. After 37 years of denial and censorship of the press, in 1998 the French government finally acknowledged 40 deaths, although there are estimates of 100 to 300 victims. MASSACRE AT PARIS: With the Death of the Duke of Guise. The raids, violence and drownings would be continued over the following days. This special constabulary force, under the authority of the Algerian Affairs Coordination Center of the Prefecture of Police (Centre de coordination des Affaires algériennes de la préfecture de police) and supervised by the military, was under Papon's control. With Minister of Interior Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury's recommendation, Papon was named prefect the next day. 1590; J.b.8 On the Neuilly bridge (separating Paris from the suburbs), the police detachments and FPA members also shot at the crowd, killing some. [1] Death was due to heavy-handed beating by the police, as well as mass drownings, as police officers threw demonstrators into the river Seine. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Massacre at Paris, by Christopher Marlowe This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. The massacre, led by Guise and his close compatriots, calls for the blood of Huguenots, especially any Huguenots who have close ties to the Navarre line (including tutors and pastors). [35] His acknowledgement of the event was the first time a French president had acknowledged the massacre. Not unexpectedly, the backstory is exceedingly complex, but the modern reader need not worry, as … There he has Guise murdered by three assassins and shows the body to Guise’s son so that word of what has been done will get out to the people. Of a population of about 150,000 Algerians living in Paris, 30,000–40,000 of them managed to join the demonstration however. [citation needed], Forty years after the massacre, in 2001, the event was officially acknowledged by the city of Paris with the placement and unveiling of a memorial plaque near the Pont Saint-Michel. Despite these raids, 4,000 to 5,000 people succeeded in demonstrating peacefully on the Grands Boulevards from République to Opéra, without incident. [5], Henry Purcell set to omen to Charles IX from act V, "Thy genius, lo", in two versions, the one for baritone (Z 604a) appearing in Orpheus Britannicus. The admiral is soon murdered in his bed by Guise nobles, and the massacre spreads throughout Paris. Author(s): Christopher Marlow. Massacre at Paris by Christopher Marlowe and Publisher Mint Editions. For a play (according to Wallace) that hasn’t been given a proper professional run in England in nearly 400 years the programme helps us along our way. 1590.; ca. Forced disappearances took place. [14], The FLN decided to resume bombings against the French police at the end of August 1961; from the end of August to the beginning of October 1961, 11 policemen were killed and 17 injured in Paris and its suburbs. 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